Preventative spending in Scotland

A chart showing how Scotland's population was distributed across age groups in 2001 and 2022. This shows that in 2022, compared to 2001, more people in Scotland were above the age of 60, there were fewer young people, and the proportion of the population between the ages 20-60 also decreased.

Image: Figure 1: Distribution of the Scottish population by age group in 2001 and 2022 census

A chart showing how average annual healthcare spending changes based on the patient's age. The spending is moderately high for babies and toddlers at around £7000 per year, then decreases to below about £3000 between the ages of 5-50. Spending starts moderately increasing at the age of 50, and the increase gets steeper above the age of 60, reaching £10,000 per year around the age of 80.

Image: Figure 2: Annual healthcare spending by the patient's age

A chart showing two data series. The first data series shows how many jobs in Scotland are worked by people of different age groups. The second series shows the mean annual income of Scottish people in these age groups. The trend for both series shows that the number of jobs held by people in each age group increases steeply between the 18-14 and 30-39 age group, peaking with people aged 40-49, and that on average, people in this age group have the highest mean annual income.

Image: Figure 3: Distribution of jobs and mean annual income in Scotland by age group

A figure in two parts. On the left is a chart showing the life expectancy in years at birth for Switzerland, the average OECD value, the UK, Scotland, and Mexico. Scottish life expectancy at birth is lower than Switzerland, the OECD average, and the UK. On the right is a chart showing how life expectancy in Scotland and in the UK has changed between 1981 and 2023. It shows a linear increase between 1981 and about 2010, then a period of stagnation until the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a sharp decrease and partial recovery. Scottish life expectancy is below that of the UK by about two years for the whole period.

Image: Figure 4: Left – Life expectancy in years at birth in 2023 comparison, Right – Life expectancy change between 1981 and 2023

A figure in two parts. On the left is a chart which shows how the public's satisfaction with public services (healthcare, schools, public transport, and all three combined) changed between 2008 and 2023. The chart shows a decline in all categories. On the right is a chart showing the percentage of population satisfied with all three public service categories (healthcare, schools, public transport), split by the deprivation of the area they live in. The chart shows a change between 2013 and 2023. Satisfaction is lower in 2023 compared to 2013 for all people. While in 2013, the most satisfied with public services were those living in the most deprived areas, in 2023 it was those living in the least deprived areas.

Image: Figure 5: Left – Public satisfaction with public services between 2008 and 2023, Right – Satisfaction with public services by quintile of Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation

This figure presents an imaginary “House of a healthy, resilient life” built out of the building blocks of health. These include employment, living conditions, housing, healthcare services, agriculture and food production, the work environment, social and community factors, water and sanitation, education, age, sex, cultural factors, behaviour, and socio-economic and environmental conditions. People without access to high-quality building blocks of health are at more risk of building a life which requires reactive services.

Image: Figure 6: Examples of Building Blocks of Health and wellbeing

A figure reproduced from The Health Foundation's report, showing factors which influence an individual's health and wellbeing. At the core is age, sex, and constitutional factors. Outside is behaviour, then social and community networks. Outside these are living and working condition, and the outermost layer shows the general socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions that the person lives in.

Image: Figure 7: The factors that influence an individual's health and wellbeing

A chart showing how health and wellbeing behaviour and outcomes differ for people living in the 20% most deprived areas of Scotland and the 20% least deprived areas. People in the least deprived are more likely to meet physical activity recommendations. They are less likely to be overweight, but tend to drink more alcohol, compared to people living in the 20% most deprived areas. People in the 20% most deprived areas are much more likely to smoke, about five times more likely to eat less than they should and more than twice as likely to feel lonely. Interestingly, people in the most deprived areas trust their neighbours a lot more.

Image: Figure 8: Selected BBHs and SIMD

Image: Table 5: Principles of the Scottish Government's Public Service Reform Strategy

Image: Public Service Reform Strategy

A diagram showing how the PHF drivers of health and wellbeing interact. Category 1: Social and economic factors. These improve the social and economic factors that support better health and reduce inequalities. Category 2: Places and communities. These create healthy and sustainable places by working in and with communities. Category 3: Equitable health and care. This fosters a health and social care system that delivers equity, prevention and early intervention. Category 4: Enable healthy living. This aims to develop supportive environments that promote health and wellbeing and reduce health harming activities. At the centre of it all is a prevention-focused system which aims to strengthen collective accountability for population health outcomes and inequalities.

Image: Figure 9: Population Health Framework: Prevention Drivers of Health and Wellbeing

Image: Table 7: International examples of alternative ways of budgeting

Image: International examples

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