A public health approach to gambling harms

Author: Ben Walton

PDF Published: Monday 12 Dec 2022 (SB 22-67)

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Overview
Report

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Overview
Report
- Executive summary
- Definitions
- Framing gambling as a public health issue
- Measuring individual gambling risk
- Gambling in Scotland
- Harms of gambling
  - Individual
    
    Mental health
    
    Physical health
    
    Finances
    
    Living standards and homelessness
    
    Job opportunities and educational attainment
    
    Relationship and family breakdown
    
    Involvement with the criminal justice system
  - Families and social networks - 'affected others'
  - Communities and society
- Unequal risk of gambling harm
  - Age
  - Children
  - Students
  - Sex
  - Minority ethnic communities
  - Mental health
  - Deprived communities
  - Other factors
- Current policy, strategy and legislation
  - Gambling Act 2005
    
    Gambling Act Review
  - Gambling Commission
  - Scottish legislation
  - Scottish Government strategies and policies
  - Local authority powers
    
    Compliance checks
- Preventing gambling harms
  - Universal measures
  - Risk reduction for people who gamble
  - Treatment and support
  - National Strategy to Reduce Gambling Harms 2019-22
  - The Glasgow project
  - Approaches by other countries
  - Learning from other public health issues
- Emerging issues
  - Young people and gambling adjacent activities
  - 'Black market' - gambling not licensed in Britain
  - Online gambling
  - Covid-19
  - Increase in the cost of living
  - Issues with funding for research, education and treatment
- Help for anyone experiencing gambling harms
Sources

Infographic illustrating the proportion of people in Scotland who are estimated to have a gambling problem (0.4%), are at risk of having a gambling problem (6%) or are negatively affected by the gambling of someone with a gambling problem (7%).

Image: Figure 1: Estimated proportion of people in Scotland experiencing harms from their own or another persons gambling

Bar chart showing that 58% of people surveyed in the Scottish Health Survey 2021 had gambled in the past year.

Image: Figure 2: Gambling participation in the last year

Bar chart showing that of people surveyed in the Scottish Health Survey 2021, 0.4% were people with a gambling problem. The chart also shows that 4.5% were people with low risk and 1.5% were people with moderate risk of a gambling problem.

Image: Figure 3: Estimated proportion of people who have or are at risk of having a gambling problem

Bar chart showing the top five gambling activities in Scotland, with the National lottery most popular, with 41% participation, followed by scratchcards (18%), other lotteries (17%), online betting (11%) and horse races (6%).

Image: Figure 4: Top five most popular gambling activities

Chart showing the change in online gambling participation over time, from 7% in 2012 to 14% in the 2021 survey.

Image: Figure 5: Online gambling participation in 2012 and 2021

Chart showing gambling participation by sex, showing that 61% of men and 56% of women surveyed had gambled in the past year.

Image: Figure 6: Gambling participation by sex

Bar chart showing that 12% of men and 5% of women took part in four or more gambling activities in the past year.

Image: Figure 7: Proportion of men and women taking part in four or more gambling activities in the past year

A bar chart showing gambling participation by age. Gambling participation is highest in those aged 45-54 and lowest in those aged 16-24. When the national lottery is excluded, participation is highest in those aged 35-44 and lowest in those aged 16-24.

Image: Figure 8: Gambling participation by age

Infographic showing that gambling harms affect individuals, families, social networks, communities and society.

Image: Figure 9: Gambling harms affect individuals who gamble, their families, communities and also impact wider society

An infographic illustrating the possible harms of gambling to people who gamble.

Image: Figure 10: Gambling harms to individuals

Infographic showing a person with a gambling problem affecting six other people.

Image: Figure 11: A person with a gambling problem affects around six other people

A bar chart showing the proportion of people who gambled and affected others calling the GamCare helpline that raised specific issues. Financial difficulties, anxiety or stress and family or relationship difficulties were raised by over 49% of people who gambled and over 49% of affected others.

Image: Figure 12: Proportion of callers to the GamCare helpline raising specific issues (2020-21)

An infographic representing the potential harms of gambling to society including crime, lost economic productivity and healthcare.

Image: Figure 13: Gambling harms to society

Bar chart showing the estimated proportion of people at risk of or with gambling problems. Risk was highest for those aged 25-34 and lowest for those aged over 75.

Image: Figure 14: Gambling risk by age

Bar chart showing the estimated proportion of men and women who are at risk of or have a gambling problem. For all categories (moderate risk, low risk and person with a gambling problem), a higher proportion of men than women fall into the category.

Image: Figure 15: Gambling risk by sex

Bar chart showing that 1.7% of people with signs of a possible psychiatric disorder were people with a gambling problem. 0.3% of people without any signs of a possible psychiatric disorder were people with a gambling problem.

Image: Figure 16: Proportion of people with gambling problems among those with signs of possible psychiatric disorder

Bar chart showing the proportion of people at risk of or experiencing gambling problems in the least to most deprived areas of Scotland. The proportion increases with deprivation from 2% in the least deprived areas to 11% in the most deprived.

Image: Figure 17: Proportion of people at risk of or experiencing gambling problems by area deprivation quintile

Infographic showing the different interventions (for example, information, advertising regulation, treatment) and the parts of the population that these can target (for example, information campaigns can target the whole population, whereas treatment and support is targeted at individuals who are harmed by gambling).

Image: Figure 19: Public health interventions to reduce gambling harms

Bar chart showing that 49 people in Scotland and 137 people in England were treated by the National Gambling Treatment Service in 2020-21 per million population.

Image: Figure 20: Number of people treated by the National Gambling Treatment Service in 2020-21 per million population

A map of local authority areas across Britain, showing that few compliance visits took place in 2018-19 in Scotland compared to England or Wales

Image: Figure 18: Map showing that few inspections of gambling premises take place in Scotland

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